• the song of a lover as dawn approaches, often with a watchman warning of the approach of a lady's jealous husband
• a song renouncing a lover
• a song about the Crusades, usually encouraging them
• a song heavily discordant in verse form and/or feeling
• a long didactic poem, usually not divided into stanzas, teaching a moral or practical lesson
• a poem expressing indignation or feelings of insult
• a lover's apology
• a boasting song, often presented as a challenge, often similar to modern sports chants
• a song complaining about a lady's behaviour and character
• a poem expressing pleasure
• a love letter addressed to another, not always one's lover
• the song of a lover waiting impatiently for the evening (to consummate his love)
• a traveller's complaint